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是否重建海湾美军基地？美国左右为难,大众网,是否重建海湾美军基地？美国左右为难_我的网站

A |     美国和伊朗战事延宕近半年，伊朗对美国在海湾地区的多座军事基地发动反击，迫使美方审视重建遇袭基地是否“划算”。    Britain's opposition leader has reignited the row in his party over leaving the European Union (EU) by insisting he could fix problems in the withdrawal agreement.,Sir Keir Starmer declared his new-found support for Brexit on Monday evening in a speech to the pro-EU think tank the Centre for European Reform — which was long on platitudes but short on detail.,He said a future Labour government under his leadership would not apply to re-join either the bloc, its single market, customs union or free-movement area — a snub to both the Europhile and pro-immigration wings of his party.,Instead he claimed he would be able to succeed where Prime Minister Boris Johnson's government has so far failed and negotiate changes to the Northern Ireland Protocol that has seen Brussels impose customs checks on goods moving between the British mainland and the exclave.,"We must sort out the Northern Ireland protocol. If you’re going to make Brexit work, that has to be the starting point," Starmer said.,He said he had spoken to businesspeople in Belfast and Dublin who said could "make it work" as "the solutions are there, the desire is there".,"What is lacking is trust," Starmer claimed, insisting that "Labour will change that" and "be the honest broker our countries need".,That echoed arguments by the current and previous Tory governments during talks with the European Commission on the protocol that there were technological means to avoid customs checks at the land border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland — which were dismissed out of hand by Brussels negotiators.,But Starmer's speech put him at odds with prominent Remainers inside and outside Labour.,Mayor of London Sadiq Khan said re-joining the EU single market would make the UK "more prosperous".,"Keir’s job is to be leader of the Labour Party, my job is to be the Mayor of London. That’ll mean on many occasions I agree with the Labour Party, on some occasions I may disagree," Khan said. "Londoners elected me to be their champion, their advocate. I believe that our city and our country’s future is best served being members of the Single Market.",Khan is one of the favourites to replace Starmer if he fails to win the next election or is forced to honour his pledge to resign if he is fined over the 'Beergate' scandal. The Durham Constabulary is set to announce the findings of its investigation this week.,Walthamstow MP Stella Creasy, chairwoman of the pro-EU Labour Movement for Europe, said Starmer's speech "finally opens the door to a different future with Europe" and that Starmer should ensure "nothing is off the table".,"Labour must show it understands our national interest lies in working with, not shouting at, our European counterparts," Creasy tweeted.,© Stella Creasy MP/TwitterTweet by Labour Party Walthamstow MP Stella CreasyTweet by Labour Party Walthamstow MP Stella Creasy© Stella Creasy MP/Twitter,The Green Party's sole MP Caroline Lucas, a constant critic of Brexit, accused Starmer of being "dishonest".,"You can't just 'make Brexit work'," Lucas tweeted, "when it’s clearly doing such damage. Pretending #Brexit can be positive is dishonest, plays into hands of Govt & undermines national interest. Instead, admit this is about damage limitation — don’t falsely claim to 'make it work'.",In June, Labour shadow minister for victims and youth justice Anna McMorrin told an online party meeting of her "hope" that the UK would re-join the single market in future.,Rift Brews Within Labour Party Amid Keir Starmer's Attempt to Ban MPs From Rail Strikes22 June, 12:38 GMT,'Starmer Sutra',One guest on GB News on Tuesday question the sincerity of Starmer's Damascene conversion to Brexit, saying the Labour leader had had "more positions than the Karma Sutra" on the issue.,Has Sir Keir Starmer taken more positions on Brexit than the Kama Sutra?! pic.twitter.com/SyE2Oa1A0q— GB News (@GBNEWS) July 5, 2022,Left-wing media users pointed out that it was Starmer's call at the 2019 Labour conference to re-run the 2016 EU membership referendum that lost the party around 50 safe seats in the northern 'Red Wall' — which he was trying to woo back with his speech on Monday — and handed Johnson a landslide victory in the election two months later.,The very moment Dennis Skinner knew he would lose his seat in Parliament. Watch closely. pic.twitter.com/VCImhoXYjZ— Tory Fibs (@ToryFibs) July 4, 2022。据英国《金融时报》23日报道，围绕重建议题，美国左右为难：若重建，需要数十亿美元，且有悖当下灵活分散的军事部署趋势；若不重建，缩减中东布局规模，地区盟友不免心生不满，美军也将留下“仓促脱身”的狼狈形象。        这张3月25日在科威特首都科威特城拍摄的照片显示，位于费尔瓦尼耶省的科威特国际机场一油库遭袭后冒起浓烟。新华社发    基地前景堪忧    据《金融时报》报道，近40年来，美国在中东的军事存在一直由海湾沿岸的军事基地网络支撑，但随着部分基地在美伊战事中遇袭，其前景蒙上阴影。    首先，基地重建需要“烧钱”。美国智库美国企业研究所4月发布的估算数据显示，分布在中东地区7个国家的11座美军基地在战事中受损，修复费用共计50亿美元。这在数百亿美元的美国对伊朗战事投入成本面前，也并非小数字。

B |     其次，为“对抗先进对手”，现有的海湾美军基地日渐“失宠”。报道指出，美国国防部决策层愈发不看好将大型、固定基地作为军事行动集结和补给中心，转而倾向于更加分散的部署模式，使敌方难以打击美军。

C |     第三，部分基地地面设施损毁严重，重建难度较大。伊朗对美军基地的机库、补给和雷达基础设施、指挥控制节点等实施轰炸，美国海军第五舰队一度因其位于巴林的司令部损毁严重，被迫将位于印度洋中部、距离伊朗数千公里的迪戈加西亚岛一处基地作为临时补给枢纽。    美国约翰斯·霍普金斯大学国际问题高级研究学院教授哈尔·布兰兹表示，海湾美军基地，尤其是大型基地，“非常脆弱”。他认为美国将调整在该地区的军事部署，把基地“转移至伊朗短程导弹和无人机射程之外”。        6月15日，一架美军空中加油机从以色列本-古里安机场起飞。新华社发（吉尔·科恩·马根摄）    伊朗随机应变    为避免落入伊朗短程导弹射程，美军数月来已把部分官兵和战机等转移至以色列、约旦等国，还利用部分欧洲国家的军事基地起降战机和无人机。    伊朗战事爆发以来，已有多名美军士兵身亡，超过200处美军设施受损或被摧毁。美军同时消耗了大量先进防空拦截弹，多种型号导弹库存见底。    伊朗方面则认为与美国陷入旷日持久的军事冲突愈发不可避免，因而早已“未雨绸缪”。据《金融时报》19日报道，伊朗政府内部知情人士警告，如果伊美之间爆发新一轮全面冲突，伊朗将扩大战场，瞄准“更远的目标”，包括美国在保加利亚等东南欧国家的军事设施。    曾供职于以色列军事情报机构的伊朗事务分析师丹尼·齐特里诺维茨推测，伊朗可能研发更多“射程可达以色列或约旦”的中程导弹。        8月7日，沙特阿拉伯王储兼首相穆罕默德（中）、土耳其总统埃尔多安（左）和巴基斯坦总理夏巴兹在沙特麦加签署《麦加共同防务协议》后合影。新华社发（沙特通讯社供图）    盟友质疑承诺    《金融时报》分析指出，即便美国调整在海湾地区的军事部署，也应考虑中东盟友的感受。数十年来，美国与中东地区盟友签订的“石油换安全”协议不断演变，部分海湾国家已经不再完全信任美国，转而寻求同其他国家建立防务关系，努力摆脱对美防卫依赖。美伊战事迫使所有盟友反思，美国的安全承诺到底意味着什么。

D |     沙特阿拉伯、土耳其和巴基斯坦本月初签署一项共同防务协议。

E | 分析人士指出，在伊朗战事影响外溢背景下，一些国家发现美国“靠不住”，因而寻求加强彼此间安全合作，尝试建立地区集体安全机制。    美国国防部负责中东事务的前任官员达纳·斯特劳尔认为，美国需要在军事行动需求与对中东盟友的安全承诺之间取得“微妙平衡”，且需要评估军事资产和部队部署情况，“以保障海湾国家的安全”。    不过，斯特劳尔和布兰兹均认为，美国可能难以摆脱中东盟友为其贴上的“抛弃盟友”“仓促跑路”等负面标签。返回，查看更多。

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